EARTH WORK

EXCAVATION FOR ROADWAY

• THIS WORK SHALL CONSIST OF EXCAVATION, REMOVAL & DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS NECESSARY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAY, SIDE DRAINS& WATERWAYS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THESE SPECIFICATIONS & CROSS-SECTION SHOWN IN THE DRAWING OR AS INDICATED BY THE ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE.

CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL

1. SOIL

THIS SHALL COMPRISE OF SAND, SILT, LOAM, CLAY, MUD, BLACK COTTON SOIL, SOFT SHALE OR LOOSE MOORUM, AND A MIXTURE OF THESE MATERIALS.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:-

• MANUAL LABOUR(PICK, SPADE OR SHOVEL & RAKE)

• BY MECHANICAL MEAN

2. ORDINARYROCK (BLASTING NOT REQUIRED)

• ROCKS SUCH AS LATERITES, SHALES &CONGLOMERATES

• LIMESTONE & SANDSTONE WATERBOUND & BITUMEN BOUND MACADAM, CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT, COBBLE STONE & COMPACTED MAROOM AND BOULDERS WHICH DO NOT REQUIRE BLASTING

3. HARD ROCK (BLASTING REQUIRED)

• ANY ROCK AND (CC OR RCC) BELOW GROUND LEVEL OF WHICH THE USE OF MECHANICAL PLANT OR BLASTING IS REQUIRED

• BOULDERS REQUIRING BLASTING

4. HARD ROCK (USING CONTROLLED BLASTING )

• CONTROLLED BLASTING IS CARRIED OUT IN LOCATIONS WHERE BUILD-UP AREAS & HUTS ARE SITUATED AT WITHIN 200 M OF THE BLAST SITE.

5. HARD ROCK (BLASTING PROHIBITED)

• BLASTING IS PROHIBITED FOR ANY REASON LIKE PEOPLE LIVING WITHIN 20M OF BLAST SITES & EXCAVATION IS CARRIED OUT BY CHISELLING, WEDGING OR ANY OTHER AGREED METHOD.

6. MARSHY SOIL

• THIS INCLUDES SOFT CLAYS & PEATS.

• EXCAVATION IS DONE BELOW OGL OF MARSHES & SWAMPAND SOIL EXCAVATED FROM OTHER ARE AS REQUIRING CONTINOUS PUMPING OR BAILING OUT OF WATER

EMBANKMENTS SUBGRADE CONSTRUCTION

EMBANKMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION

• THIS APPLY TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF EMBANKMENT INCLUDING SUB-GRADES, EARTHEN SHOULDERS & MISCELLANEOUS BACKFILL WITH APPROVED MATERIALS OBTAINED FROM APPROVED SOURCE.

PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS

• MATERIALS TO BE USED:- SOIL, MOORUM, GRAVEL, RECLAIMED MATERIALS FROM PAVEMENT, FLY ASH, POND ASH, A MIXTURE OF THESE, OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL AS APPROVED BY THE ENGINEER

MATERIALS NOT TO BE USED:-

1. MATERIALS FROM SWAMPS, MARSHES & BOGS

2. SOIL THAT CLASSIFIES AS OL, OI, OH & Pt

3. COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS

4. CLAY:- LIQUIDLIMIT>50

PLASTICITYINDEX>25

5. MATERIALS WITH SALTS RESULTING IN LEACHING IN THE EMBANKMENT.

6. EXPANSIVE CLAY HAVING FREE SWELLING INDEX>50% NOTE:- SUBGRADE & TOP 500MM PORTION OF EMBANKMENT JUST BELOW THE SUBGRADE SHALL BE NON-EXPANSIVE IN NATURE

SIZE OF COARSE MATERIALS IN THE MIXTURE OF EARTH

1. FOR EMBANKMENT:- NOT EXCEEDS75MM

2. FOR SUBGRADE:- NOT EXCEEDS 50MM NOTE:-

3. MATERIALS COARSER THAN THIS CAN BE USE BY THE PERMISSION OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE & IT SATISFIES THE SAME AND WILL NOT PRESENT ANY DIFFICULTY AS REGARDS THE PLACEMENT OF FILL MATERIAL & IT COMPACTION.

4. MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE < 2/3 OF THE COMPACTED LAYER

THICKNESS

DRY DENSITY REQUIREMENT OF EMBANKMENT & SUBGRADE MATERIALS:-

NOTE:- THE MATERIALS SHALL SATISFY THE DESIGN CBR AT THE SPECIFIED DRY DENSITY & MOISTURE CONTENT

COMPACTION REQUIREMENT OF EMBANKMENT & SUBGRADE MATERIALS:-

NOTE:-THE CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT THE TEST REPORT AT LEAST 7 DAYS BEFORE THE COMMENCEMENT OF COMPACTION.

1. VALUE OF MAX. DRY DENSITY & OMC

2. GRAPH OF DRYDENSITYPLOTTEDAGAINSTMOISTURECONTENT

SPREADING MATERIALS IN LAYERS:-

THE EMBANKMENT AND SUBGRADE MATERIALS SHALL BE SPREAD IN LAYERS OF UNIFORM THICKNESS IN THE ENTIRE WIDTH WITH A MOTOR GRADER.

COMPACTION :-

• THICKNESS OF LAYER NOT MORE THAN 250MM:- VIBRATORY

• ROLLER/VIBRATORY SOIL COMPACTOR

• THICKNESS OF LAYER NOT MORE THAN 200MM:- 80-100 KN STATIC ROLLER

MOISTURE CONTENT OF SOIL :-

• TEST SHALL BE PERFORMED AS PER IS-2720(II):- WATER CONTENT OF SOIL SHALL BE DETERMINED

MEASUREMENTS FOR PAYMENT OF EMBANKMENT & SUBGRADE:-

• IT SHALL BE MEASURED SEPARATELY BY TAKING CROSS-SECTION AT SUITABLE INTERVALS AFTER COMPLETION OF CLEANING AND GRUBBING & EMBANKMENT/SUBGRADE.

• THE VOLUME OF EARTHWORK SHALL BE COMPUTED IN CUM. BY METHOD OF AVERAGE END AREAS.

• MEASUREMENT OF FILL MATERIAL FROM BORROW PITS= NET QUANTITY OF COMPACTED FILLS– NET QUANTITY OF SUITABLE MATERIALS BROUGHT FROM ROADWAYS EXCAVATION