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EARTH WORK

EXCAVATION FOR ROADWAY

  • THIS WORK SHALL CONSIST OF EXCAVATION, REMOVAL & DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS NECESSARY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAY, SIDE DRAINS& WATERWAYS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THESE SPECIFICATIONS & CROSS-SECTION SHOWN IN THE DRAWING OR AS INDICATED BY THE ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE.




CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL

1. SOIL

THIS SHALL COMPRISE OF SAND, SILT, LOAM, CLAY, MUD, BLACK COTTON SOIL, SOFT SHALE OR LOOSE MOORUM, AND A MIXTURE OF THESE MATERIALS.




EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:-

  • MANUAL LABOUR(PICK, SPADE OR SHOVEL & RAKE)

  • BY MECHANICAL MEAN



2. ORDINARYROCK (BLASTING NOT REQUIRED)

  • ROCKS SUCH AS LATERITES, SHALES &CONGLOMERATES

  • LIMESTONE & SANDSTONE WATERBOUND & BITUMEN BOUND MACADAM, CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT, COBBLE STONE & COMPACTED MAROOM AND BOULDERS WHICH DO NOT REQUIRE BLASTING



3. HARD ROCK (BLASTING REQUIRED)

  • ANY ROCK AND (CC OR RCC) BELOW GROUND LEVEL OF WHICH THE USE OF MECHANICAL PLANT OR BLASTING IS REQUIRED

  • BOULDERS REQUIRING BLASTING



4. HARD ROCK (USING CONTROLLED BLASTING )

  • CONTROLLED BLASTING IS CARRIED OUT IN LOCATIONS WHERE BUILD-UP AREAS & HUTS ARE SITUATED AT WITHIN 200 M OF THE BLAST SITE.



5. HARD ROCK (BLASTING PROHIBITED)

  • BLASTING IS PROHIBITED FOR ANY REASON LIKE PEOPLE LIVING WITHIN 20M OF BLAST SITES & EXCAVATION IS CARRIED OUT BY CHISELLING, WEDGING OR ANY OTHER AGREED METHOD.



6. MARSHY SOIL

  • THIS INCLUDES SOFT CLAYS & PEATS.

  • EXCAVATION IS DONE BELOW OGL OF MARSHES & SWAMPAND SOIL EXCAVATED FROM OTHER ARE AS REQUIRING CONTINOUS PUMPING OR BAILING OUT OF WATER



EMBANKMENTS SUBGRADE CONSTRUCTION


EMBANKMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION

  • THIS APPLY TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF EMBANKMENT INCLUDING SUB-GRADES, EARTHEN SHOULDERS & MISCELLANEOUS BACKFILL WITH APPROVED MATERIALS OBTAINED FROM APPROVED SOURCE.



PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS

  • MATERIALS TO BE USED:- SOIL, MOORUM, GRAVEL, RECLAIMED MATERIALS FROM PAVEMENT, FLY ASH, POND ASH, A MIXTURE OF THESE, OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL AS APPROVED BY THE ENGINEER



MATERIALS NOT TO BE USED:-

1. MATERIALS FROM SWAMPS, MARSHES & BOGS

2. SOIL THAT CLASSIFIES AS OL, OI, OH & Pt

3. COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS

4. CLAY:- LIQUIDLIMIT>50

PLASTICITYINDEX>25

5. MATERIALS WITH SALTS RESULTING IN LEACHING IN THE EMBANKMENT.

6. EXPANSIVE CLAY HAVING FREE SWELLING INDEX>50% NOTE:- SUBGRADE & TOP 500MM PORTION OF EMBANKMENT JUST BELOW THE SUBGRADE SHALL BE NON-EXPANSIVE IN NATURE


SIZE OF COARSE MATERIALS IN THE MIXTURE OF EARTH


1. FOR EMBANKMENT:- NOT EXCEEDS75MM

2. FOR SUBGRADE:- NOT EXCEEDS 50MM NOTE:-

3. MATERIALS COARSER THAN THIS CAN BE USE BY THE PERMISSION OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE & IT SATISFIES THE SAME AND WILL NOT PRESENT ANY DIFFICULTY AS REGARDS THE PLACEMENT OF FILL MATERIAL & IT COMPACTION.

4. MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE < 2/3 OF THE COMPACTED LAYER

THICKNESS


DRY DENSITY REQUIREMENT OF EMBANKMENT & SUBGRADE MATERIALS:-


NOTE:- THE MATERIALS SHALL SATISFY THE DESIGN CBR AT THE SPECIFIED DRY DENSITY & MOISTURE CONTENT


COMPACTION REQUIREMENT OF EMBANKMENT & SUBGRADE MATERIALS:-


NOTE:-THE CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT THE TEST REPORT AT LEAST 7 DAYS BEFORE THE COMMENCEMENT OF COMPACTION.

1. VALUE OF MAX. DRY DENSITY & OMC

2. GRAPH OF DRYDENSITYPLOTTEDAGAINSTMOISTURECONTENT


SPREADING MATERIALS IN LAYERS:-

THE EMBANKMENT AND SUBGRADE MATERIALS SHALL BE SPREAD IN LAYERS OF UNIFORM THICKNESS IN THE ENTIRE WIDTH WITH A MOTOR GRADER.


COMPACTION :-

  • THICKNESS OF LAYER NOT MORE THAN 250MM:- VIBRATORY

  • ROLLER/VIBRATORY SOIL COMPACTOR


  • THICKNESS OF LAYER NOT MORE THAN 200MM:- 80-100 KN STATIC ROLLER



MOISTURE CONTENT OF SOIL :-

  • TEST SHALL BE PERFORMED AS PER IS-2720(II):- WATER CONTENT OF SOIL SHALL BE DETERMINED



MEASUREMENTS FOR PAYMENT OF EMBANKMENT & SUBGRADE:-

  • IT SHALL BE MEASURED SEPARATELY BY TAKING CROSS-SECTION AT SUITABLE INTERVALS AFTER COMPLETION OF CLEANING AND GRUBBING & EMBANKMENT/SUBGRADE.

  • THE VOLUME OF EARTHWORK SHALL BE COMPUTED IN CUM. BY METHOD OF AVERAGE END AREAS.

  • MEASUREMENT OF FILL MATERIAL FROM BORROW PITS= NET QUANTITY OF COMPACTED FILLS– NET QUANTITY OF SUITABLE MATERIALS BROUGHT FROM ROADWAYS EXCAVATION


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